Leaders, Leading and Leadership

by Scotland Willis

Merriam Webster's definition of the word "lead" is to a: guide on a way especially by going in advance b: to direct on a course or in a direction c: to serve as a channel for.  Derived from Old English visa vi Old German.

Google does a search of 285,000,000 subjects on "lead" in .19 seconds; there are probably as many books written on the subject (though not likely produced in .19 seconds); and just this morning I was watching a woman and her one year old child carrying the keys to reenact his ,mothers actions of opening the door- following her lead.  This is all to say that there are countless facets to leadership, and how people approach the matter, however there are also some expectations that come along with leaders, leading and leadership that are worth of conversation.  And there there are simply times when we forget to remind ourselves of the dynamics of leadership resulting in a misstep.

We will start with what is the most important component that deserves honorable mention, but not spend too much time on.  The reason is because it is all consuming and can easily become a more extensive conversation.

Communication is the portal to all other decisions being made or initiatives being undertaken.  Lets see if we can sum this up in a truncated paragraph.  Effectively communicating what leaders are attempting to accomplish, how things will proceed (intentionally not stating how they will proceed), proper channels for communication, time-lines for execution(when part of a project begins)/ implementation(when a project is fully utilized), and an input/ feedback mechanism, that allow all levels of the organization to be active participants-- are all a priority.  Communication sets the tone for involvement; it either pulls people and turns them on or creates barriers and turns them off.  It is important that leadership thinks through and decides how the initiative or project will roll out.  This process should not occur alone by a single individual; it is in fact important to have dissenting opinions on your team of leaders, to ensure nearly all avenues have been considered. (Recommended reading Time article / book The Presidents Club)

I cannot emphasize enough making an organizational chart relative to the proper channels, available to anyone involved so that everyone is clear about the protocol for feedback and response- it will eliminate wires getting crossed.  This does not mean that every concern or interest will be implemented; nor does it mean leaders will not ultimately make different decisions, but it is more inclusive.  In the long run, it means greater retention of key talent, less investment in training and development and and maintaining institutional and intellectual capital.

Leading is not all together a different matter leadership, but should be thought of differently.  Leading occurs once the well thought out plan begins.  Leading allows point people to be established in the eyes of others and sets the course of their role as liaisons, to open up channels to the broader audience of management and staffers.  Initially an announcement would have gone out about an initiative for larger project under way and the broader audience is prepared to engage and listen.  That should be followed up with an input / feedback session that occurs between the point people and everyone below that chain of command.  References if discovered for interested individuals should also be provided.

Leaders and followers
Critical thinking is indisputably one of the most important skills a person can have.  It prevents errors from occurring, improves productivity and allows disruptive innovation to occur.  But critical thinking takes place in different stratospheres.  Critical thinkers in the lower level of the organization and then critical thinking as leaders.  Critical thinking as leaders (relative to the project) are occupied with what might be red flags that come up in a project and possibly derail the work; they are thinking about existing resources and models that may or may not be applicable; and they are reading all the necessary material so that they can have prepared and valid responses to questions that may arise, which instills a sense of confidence among the remaining members of the institution that the plan is well thought out.  Additionally it reflects that in making adaptations to their own organization(especially true if you are utilizing existing models and references) that the leaders are cognizant of the differences that exist between other organizations or institutions that used the model and their own.  Be confident as a leader about point out that differences were observed and you will gain support.  This also requires that leaders at all levels of an organization are in touch with systems that are in place and whether they are functional or dysfunctional- only then can you make valid call about the accuracy of your assessments.  For your observations and assertions to be both valid and accurate is of the highest regard.

Not everyone is meant to be leader but what is often overlooked is that not everyone is meant to be a follower.  Individuals who feel stymied in their role as an employee will, rest assured, be leaving soon- a significant loss for any organization.  We are not talking about people who are not productive, complain, or require attention for no apparent reason; here we are talking about the employee who is a highly valued contributor to the overall efforts of the organization, its vision and potential.  These people are consistently striving to exceed benchmarks, vested because they are personally driven- these are the high achievers.  If these individuals exist in your organization find a way to make them leaders and put their assets to work more effectively.  Ask yourself what is the organization missing that this person sees;  does the organization have the capacity to utilize their potential.  People who are critical thinkers at a the sublevels of the organization are such in order to ensure that errors don't occur at their level, that the tools they have work effectively and properly, and that the community being served is being serviced in the best possibly way.  In a leadership capacity, you must have your eye on the organization, looking at systems, tools and mechanisms that allow for consistently improved/ functional operations.

Some people will choose to engage in various project or initiatives and others will not.  Those who do not engage, well, that is their problem.  If you choose to be in any role at any workplace, you also choose the responsibilities that go along with that role you fulfill-- not withstanding various emergencies in ones personal life.  Nonetheless, one is obligated to fulfill their responsibilities.  If one chooses to use their voice, they should understand and have a vehicle for when, why and how it can be used-- this will come across in the initial communication from leadership.  Chances are that the high performers will be more actively engaged and have done their research about critical aspects of the project.  If this is true, be mindful of how they can be utilized-- you as a leader may have overlooked something crucial to success.  Others are comfortable in their existing role and will be good or great listeners.

Capacity is the never ending concern for an organization.  You either need more of it or you need more of it.  Organizational capacity in terms of personnel is a priority especially if significant changes are occurring upward because you are working to increase the organizational capacity.  One of the most effective approaches is to always have a mentor/ mentee program in place.  No individual should have dominion in their department in such a way that succession planning is not occurring.  This is not a threat to an individual but a value to the organization.  If only one person has the ability to fully manage any particular division, its projects, etc. replacing that individual in the event of a crisis or lifestyle change for that person, represents  significant risk to the organization leaving it crippled of valuable intellectual capital.
   
Great leaders are also great listeners, they can clearly identify the culture of the organization.  Having a relationship with all levels of the organization is crucial.  It is one of the reasons why the reality television programs have CEO's taking on staff roles to capture a better understanding of what is really happening at levels other than their own.  Operating while only looking at the bottom line (dollars), prevents leaders from being effective- leave that work to comptrollers, finance and others (though those relationship is equally important).  Your point people(identified lower level leaders, including executive teams), should be able to accurately convey the sentiments of voices throughout and enable leaders to be better decision-maker-- this will also come across in the form of gratitude to employees.

 There is no exact science to being a great leader, knowing how to lead and exhibiting superb leadership skills- it is a process.  Great leaders will always be in the learning groove, listening along the way, working to achieve the right balance so that their operations run smoothly.  Great leadership is bold and often bucks the trend when necessary.  U.S. President Barack Obama attempts this within the context of his philosophy about the presidency; Jack Welch did this with General Electric, and Steve Jobs with Apple Inc. was also very successful in this respect.  Great leaders will always ask questions of their organization, others and go to a great length to ask questions of themselves.

* Scotland Willis is a management consultant in Boston focusing on large scale change, strategic planning and professional coaching.  If you have questions or would like to consider his consulting services, you can contact him at 617-283-2755 or via email at scoctlandwillis@gmail.com.

Shifting from Climate Change to Climate Extremes

 by Scotland Willis

The discussion over climate change, has been a hotly debated issue since it's inception.  Advocates fiercely reacting to opponents of climate related issues with great fervor to emphasize the seriousness of potential threats.  Now is not the time to add to that flame, but rather clarify- and continue to do so.  Choosing a discourse that is based on observations, reasonable extrapolations, and comparative data year over year, is imperative.  Action is a must.

Yes, it is impossible to predict exactly what is going to happen with the weather patterns around the world, many experts believe the extremes will continue to increase aggressively- a likely scenario.  But if speculation, projections and modeling aren't sufficient (a task carried out by experts in the field of science), then why do we depend so heavily on them with regards to economic market conditions?  Such models are known as market predictability models; hundreds of billions of dollars each day depend on such projections and their outcomes.  Why? Simple, they are a good indicator of human behavior with reference to increasing or decreasing the price of various commodities.

 Why then, are such sophisticated systems dismissed in climate modeling?  Asserting that using probabilities and potentialities is not a reliable source, is a poor argument for non-action by policy makers and the general population for that matter.

It is important to be able to translate this into climate extremes and human behavior; market behavior is of course very different- or is it.

If we think of the environment in an inverse sort of way, we can look at it a bit differently.  While we can't change the weather based on how many people are going to buy a share of sunshine or speculate on rain; we do do this in a sense.  People bid on crops and other agribusiness all the time.  The performance of the weather significantly determines whether the price of wheat will go up or down.  Take the fires that destroyed the wheat crops in Russia.  People who speculated that the price of wheat would go down when those crops matured lost their bet in terms of stock futures.  Why? because the unexpected wildfires that destroyed the crops thus increasing the price of wheat.


And there is evidence that governments have been tampering with, artificially experimenting and manipulating the weather patterns over the years.  But the other and more important point is that we (the human species), can intentionally shift the way we impact the environment.  It is true that if agribusiness could make enough millions they would play war games with other countries crops but that is not the topic of discussion here.

The former discussion is solely to raise awareness of potentialities.  What our human impact is doing is having an accelerated impact on weather conditions.  Climate change will always occur, but climate extremes will significantly impact how we live and what quality of life we can expect.  The other point of the discussion above was to look at the comparison of using predictions and forecasting to influence our decisions about legislative policy related to climate change.  A book written about crowdsourcing (link here), provides some insights to predictive modeling as a powerful source to understanding economic market behavior


In 2011, the United States experienced twelve (12) extreme weather events; the record in 2008 was nine such events.  These are generally events that translate into $1 billion in damage or more.  Two good resources to defer to are both the NOAA (link here) and a Public Broadcasting Service program NewsHour (link hour).  From Snowfall records in January of 2011 that paralyzed the midsection of the United States to the hundreds of people who died from record tornadoes that hit the country; more extreme weather patterns are striking with great force and increasing frequency.  The NOAA estimates $52b in total damage for weather related events in 2011.  These unusual weather events are not solely in the U.S.

This past Fall season, my travels took me to Thailand during flooding that struck the far north and continued southward decimating communities.  And early in 2012, Latin America is experiencing recording flooding, wildfires and droughts (Huffington Post).  Along with the extreme hurricane type winds that battered the U.K., these patters emit a warning signs that should have legislators acting on firm policies to protect the native populations.  Planning is the key.  But when project like Rancho Cielo Solar Farm get canceled one must ask why, and not just point to the DOE-- but ask who is pulling the strings?  How do such project like this get usurped politically?  Start by asking what is at stake for the existing industries that have dominion over energy sources.


Real Solutions
Locating energy sources closer to the populations that use them is an important decision to make.  A tremendous amount of energy is lost when electricity from power generating plants are located long distances from the end user.  But no one wants a coal burning plant in their back yard (unless you live in Washington D.C. [ Capital Power Plant], 60,000 tons of carbon dioxide).  Solution, find a different power source.  Granted that in some areas, certain environments are not hospitable to certain power sources.  The efficiency  is simply a poor trade off.  But in many places geothermal, solar and wind are seriously under utilized.

What to Expect
Expect more extreme storms.  The capacity of the atmosphere to retain more energy and moisture means that the release of such energy will be more extreme.  Can we harness more of that extreme energy and find creative ways to stave off or offset the negative impact? Can't answer that one.  But we can trust what is before us and act accordingly.

Extremeness:

• Snow: January record snowfall in Chicago blizzards that pounded 22 states in the midsection of the US;
• Spring: Tornadoes 3 largest twister outbreaks in 6 wks $25b dmage;
• 300 killed in 3 days
•  Tuscaloosa, Alabama leveled due to tornadoes;
• Joplin Missouri: Late May leveled killed over 150 people200 mph winds
• Hurricane Irene; ravaging the East coastline
• Droughts  TX $10b loss crops, livestock, timber, (hottest Summer in TX
• over 6000 1m acres over labor day weekend.
• Kansas 100 days over 100 temp

What The 99 Wants...? Deliberate trajectory ?

The Struggle within the We Are The 99 (The 99) is merely speckling the landscape of big financial interest having celebrated their two month anniversary (Nov. 17th 2011).  But with each advancement their efforts seem be derailed due to the overwhelming strength of the financial institutions and politics.  The concentration of wealth may be the concern, but a well thought out counter proposal must be developed if they are to succeed.

It is not hard to face the fact that we live in a quasi-capitalist society (true capitalism would not provide subsidies industry); nowhere is that more true and evident, than in the United States, during times such as these.  And with each argument, government seems to respond with further questionable act of decision-making (or lack there of), when concerning groups associated with social justice concerns such as The 99.

• Between 1976 and 2008, the pretax income for the top 1% of the U.S. population went from 8.9 to 20 percent of the nation's income.  This tells us that tax and revenue policies have continued to work in favor of the most wealthy. (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 2008)

The 99 is in need of a specific objective with a road map of how to reach that objective as a set of proposals or demands.  Such a proposal should be methodical and well reasoned that gets the concerned population closer to transforming the status quo for the people they represent.  The current reality might start out... we know where we are, we are learning where we want to go, we have an idea about how to get there; this is our proposal...

This proposal should have some expertise(able minded people) behind it, that represents well reasoned research addressing specific issues; one example might be how much are you asking from the corporate giants or greed agents/ white collar capitalists (whatever your perspective might be); what do you expect that ask to achieve, how will it redistributed?  Also what are the implications and turn around time for the desired affect?  Identify what is standing in the way and why you believe it is movable.  This is only a small example of what should be happening.  Instead what seems to be occurring is The 99 is losing steam.

 What is wrong?

• Disparity between wealth and poverty on a perpetual  path of disproportionate growth
• Opportunities for elevation out of poverty increasingly distant
• Families and individuals unable to maintenance and prevent poor health
• Lack of job security
• Inability to secure prosperous housing
• Poor academic environment
• Deteriorating communities

These inequities foster the flames that create much of the fire in the relationship between the  extremely wealthy individuals, and other 99 segment of the population.  There are multiple examples of where an equitable society has proven to make a difference.  Not all of them are in the most obvious places, but The 99 should begin to assemble those pieces together and transform their argument into a statement of purpose, if they plan on being agents of change rather than advocates.

Change is most likely to occur when something is really wrong, an assembly of people work to change what is wrong and a plan is developed to make what is wrong obsolete by presenting a better alternative.

Water Whys

Why, is water so important in our life?  

Imagine if you decided to not consume or use anything that was related to water, for just one day:

*The most obvious exclusion would be drinking water- none of that.  On average an adult consumes about two liters of water per day;

*you would also have to stop eating that day; water is required to grow anything that grows from the earth, i.e. agricultural products;

*you'll have to turn off those lights also; coal fired powered plants use about 2.2 billion gallons of water each year (UCS); 

*you would have to decide not to drive that day, because : the amount of water used to manufacture a new car, including new tires? 39,090 gallons per car;

*chicken wings? water is used during the growing/production of a chicken? 400 gallons;

*Water required for irrigation (2005 estimates)  128 billion gallons of water per day.

Water under the bridge

Clearly, water is a key resource to everything we do.  It is important that we are more conscious about making wise consumer choices to avoid over use, of this precious natural resource.  Since only three percent of our earth's water resources is considered drinkable water understanding its scarcity is something we should be educated about, not threatened by.  This simply means as you are making your purchases, go the extra mile and let manufactures know by sending them an e-mail, calling customer service or contacting their head quarters, that you would like to know what steps they are taking to conserve water in their manufacturing and distribution process.

 


Certain arms of the government such as WETT, are looking at the value of water to the environment not just the value of water to for human consumption.  On their web site they state that their research will "...enable an environmentally and economically more appropriate evaluation by including quantified environmental benefits..."  This is an approach of internalizing the externality (or realizing the cost in other than dolar terms).

Putting your best foot forward

With so much effort into understanding water that is taking place behind the scenes, it is understandable why we need to know much more about the impact of our own consumption habits and usage regarding water.  There is not doubt that human related activity has an impact on water quality and availability; so we can make a conscious choice to change the impact we have by reducing and reusing water whenever possible.

Water availability is a real concern and there are a lot of good sites you can visit to understand more about it including: the U.S. Geological Survey; American Water Use; WETT (Water Energy Technology Team) and the radio active risks associated with Japan and our fish consumption.  You might also want to visit the World Health Organization's site to look at impacts around the world.

Ending on a memorable note; in the United States, we consume about 346,000 million (that's "346 hundred-thousand-million" gallons of water each day.

Let water why(s) help you become water wise.  It is a global issue, but the change begins with you.  

Happy drinking!  

Human Activity ...In Flames

Not far from the Caspian Sea lies the crater the crater 328 feet wide.  It is the result of gas exploration in Turkmenistan during the early 1970's.   Incidence such as this are a stark reminders that can penetrate psychological barriers that block understanding of the need to protect natural environment.  Here we see evidence that indicates the prevalence of poor judgement, detrimental when exploiting the natural environment.

Located Near the village of Derweze in the Karakum Desert, it is an easy reminder that we need more foresight when embarking on new "oppotunities" so that we proceed with the proper amount of caution.  There is a balance to preservation and the impact of human activity that will allow us to avoid leaving disasters such as this in our wake-- Deepwater Horizon is a reminder of that as well. This particular incident, has  been exacting its revenge for nearly 40 years now and continues to burn today.  This incident occurred near a 350 person village of Derweze and the risks associate with that population are no in my perview as of yet.
Location link Derweze (gass flame crater)
video link: Derweze in falmes

...Sky's the Limit

There is no limit to what is possible, an insight into the human mind.  Preserving the environment is no different.  And as long as there is 1% chance I will invest 100% effort.

By far our greatest challenge is preserving the balance between environment and the impact of human activity, rivaling the tragedies occurring in Africa, India as well as other developing nation- humanitarily speaking there is no comparison, but there are many links.  Preserving one can improve the outlook for many.

Fortunately human capacity has the unique ability to adapt and change.  Fraught with compromises, questions and with so many to consider, there is no satisfactory answer for what we face.

World population as of October 1, 2010 6,872,233,191

As I reflect on what my task is at Tufts University I think about the power of the resources at my disposal in Urban Planning and Environmental Engineering.  I reflect on the opportunity as a utility, to apply theory, philosophy, ideology, modeling and structure to produce a transformational strategy to preserve our natural environment-- helping others to understand and improve.  I believe we can learn to help others make immeasurable leaps in faith and progress.  My goal is to produce compelling insights that can move the world-- why not?

Engagement with people from around the world, resembling a United Nations located in a place where  our differences become our indifference-- to barriers.  We to explore the frontier together in order to foster new thinking and energy that makes the planet a more habitable place to live.

Critical thresholds of water resources; debate and dialog on economic influences, health risk factors all leave me capitulating to the evidence that rests before me; knowing that within all of this is not solely idealism that drives my commitment to change, but my unshakable belief in what is possible for humanity to achieve.  People managing scarcity, and transforming it into abundance, implementing strategies around policies and sound planning, collectively represent my drivers.

How much time do we have to achieve all this?

We have exactly enough time... starting right now.

Do something environmental (DSE)

iPhone Factor

Corporate Responsibility

By Scotland Willis

iPhones have become an international icon for communication savvy and pop culture. Unfortunately a connection between the iPhone and the hazardous chemical n Hexane, have become linked; it appear a step in manufacturing of the iPhone is resulting in neurological damage to some workers in China. N Hexane is a toxic chemical and on rare occasions can be deadly.

In February 2010, claims were reported that Wintek Corporation a subsidiary of Suzhou had workers who experienced neurological symptoms due to exposure from Hexane. The significance- Wintex produces the iPhone product and the n Hexane is a chemical used for cleaning the screens on iPhones. Hexane has a flash point of -10F and there for evaporates faster than alcohol as a cleaning agent- speeding up production. It is important to understand a few more facts about n Hexane itself.

Hexane if inhaled enters your body through your lungs. A person's liver helps to break down harmful substances such as the gases from n Hexane. The liver makes proteins that regulate your blood, and attempts to neutralize toxins in the blood like those found in Hexane. These toxins that don't get filtered pass through your blood stream and are carried to all of your organs.

Research from NIOSH (responsible for health and safety standards under the Center for Disease Control,) reveals that n Hexane has severe neuro toxins and can lead to a range of debilitating affects from peripheral neuropathy to pneumonitis. OSHA's permissible exposure limits of hexane in a contained workspace is 500 parts per million (ppm). Though proposed limits of 50 ppm were submitted to the U.S. court system, the court repudiated this proposal and its legal limits remain at 500 ppm today as listed on OSHA and CDC's NIOSH. It should be noted that even at 500 ppm neurological damage can still occur.

To provide some perspective OSHA allows 5000 parts per million(ppm) of CO2 (carbon dioxide), per million parts of air. This indicates that n Hexane at an allowable 500 ppm, present a dangerously higher level of risk to human welfare when compared to the allowable ppm for carbon dioxide(U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services).

Hexane is also found in many soy products from baby formula to soy milk. Manufactures use Hexane to extract proteins in these food products. Traces found in food products are often in the low 20 ppm and even less in soy milk. The objective is to explain how common the presence of Hexane is in our food, and put its risk factor in perspective. Hexane is a very harmful chemical and ideally manufacturers of soy products would not use Hexane in processing food at all. Preventable measures would be most ideal but that would most likely require reducing the production levels- as is the case with the iPhone.

Any of the point made here can be verified and are in no way presented to drastically shift public opinion, but hold companies accountable for counter intuitive practices to sustainability. As an environmental strategist the goal is to encourage businesses to look at more effective ways to approach eco-friendly practices, by making alternative recommendations.

From a public consumer perspective, we can influence what happens in the manufacturing process. By letting the company know that we would like evidence within 60 days that their policy regarding exposure this chemical demonstrates significant change; and that we would consider shifting our loyalty to their brand if reasonable steps were not taken. This give the manufacture reasonable time to make changes and does not threaten the disruption of business immediately. Everyone should have time to respond so that they don't react in a nonproductive or less meaningful way.

Corporate and social responsibility extend beyond our boarders. When we decide to globalize our products and services, that brings with it accountability in those new territories; not only for those products and services but to the quality of life that speak to who we are and our regard for people and the ecosystem. For business, environmental priorities should be a expansive part of a evolving green print for success.